四月南風大麥黃,棗花未落桐葉長。
青山朝別暮還見,嘶馬出門思舊鄉。
陳侯立身何坦蕩,虬須虎眉仍大顙。
腹中貯書一萬卷,不肯低頭在草莽。
東門酤酒飲我曹,心輕萬事如鴻毛。
醉臥不知白日暮,有時空望孤雲高。
長河浪頭連天黑,津吏停舟渡不得。
鄭國遊人未及家,洛陽行子空嘆息。
聞道故林相識多,罷客昨日今如何。
《送陈章甫》原文賞析
鄭國:詩人曾住穎陽,當時又任新鄉尉,春秋時都屬鄭國範圍。【簡析】:
這是一首差別詩。時陳章甫正被免職回鄉。詩中極力贊美了陳的品格、氣質,充滿了慰藉之情,顯得曠達、豪放,可見詩人和陳章甫對於棄職都是不在意的。
【評析】:
李頎的送別詩,以善於描述人物著稱。本詩即為一首代表作。
陳章甫是個很有才學的人,原籍不在河南,不過長期隱居嵩山。他曾應制科及第,但因沒有登記戶籍,吏部不予錄用。經他上書力爭,吏部辯駁不了,特為請示執政,破例錄用。這事受到天下士子的贊美,使他名揚天下。然其仕途並不通達,因此無意官事,仍然經常住在寺院郊外,活動於洛陽一帶。這首詩大約作於陳章甫罷官後登程返鄉之際,李頎送他到渡口,以詩贈別。前人多以為陳章甫此次返鄉是回原籍江陵老家,但據詩中所雲“舊鄉”、“故林”,似指河南嵩山而言。詩中稱陳章甫為“鄭國遊人”、自稱“洛陽行子”,可見雙方同為天涯淪落人,情意是很密切的。
詩的開頭四句,輕快舒坦,充滿鄉情。入夏,天氣清和,田野麥黃,道路蔭長,騎馬出門,一路青山作伴,更懷念往日隱居舊鄉山林的悠閑生活。這裏有一種曠達的情懷,顯出隱士的本色,不介意仕途得失。然後八句詩,用生動的細節描繪,高度的藝術概括,贊美陳章甫的誌節操守,見出他坦蕩無羈、清高自重的思想性格。前四句寫他的品德、容貌、才學和誌節。說他有君子坦蕩的品德,儀表堂堂,滿腹經綸,不甘淪落草野,倔強地要出山入仕。“不肯低頭在草莽”,顯然指他抗議無籍不被錄用一事。後四句寫他的形跡脫略,胸襟清高,概括他仕而實隱的情形,說他與同僚暢飲,輕視世事,醉臥避官,寄托孤雲,顯出他入仕後與官場汙濁不合,因而借酒隱德,自持清高。不言而喻,這樣的思想性格和行為,註定他遲早要離開官場。這八句是全詩最精采的筆墨,詩人首先突出陳的立身坦蕩,然後寫容貌抓住特征,又能表現性格;寫才學強調誌節,又能顯出神態;寫行為則點明處世態度,寫遭遇就側重思想傾向。既扣住送別,又表明罷官返鄉的情由。“長河”二句是賦而比興,既實記渡口適遇風浪,暫停擺渡,又暗喻仕途險惡,無人援濟。因此,行者和送者,罷官者和留官者,陳章甫和詩人,都在渡口等候,都沒有著落。一個“未及家”,一個“空嘆息”,都有一種惆悵。而對這種失意的惆悵,詩人以為毋須介意,因此,末二句以試問語氣寫出態炎涼,料想陳返鄉後的境況,顯出一種泰然處之的豁達態度,輕松地結出送別。
就全篇而言,詩人以曠達的情懷,知己的情誼,藝術的概括,生動的描寫,表現出陳章甫的思想性格和遭遇,令人同情,深為不滿。而詩的筆調輕松,風格豪爽,不為失意作苦語,不因離別寫愁思,在送別詩中確屬別具一格。
[註]①陳侯:對陳章甫的尊稱。②虬·蜷曲。大顙(sǎng嗓):寬腦門。
(倪其心)
A FAREWELL TO MY FRIEND CHEN ZHANGFU
In the Fourth-month the south wind blows plains of yellow barley,
Date-flowers have not faded yet and lakka-leaves are long.
The green peak that we left at dawn we still can see at evening,
While our horses whinny on the road, eager to turn homeward.
...Chen, my friend, you have always been a great and good man,
With your dragon's moustache, tiger's eyebrows and your massive forehead.
In your bosom you have shelved away ten thousand volumes.
You have held your head high, never bowed it in the dust.
...After buying us wine and pledging us, here at the eastern gate,
And taking things as lightly as a wildgoose feather,
Flat you lie, tipsy, forgetting the white sun;
But now and then you open your eyes and gaze at a high lone cloud.
...The tide-head of the lone river joins the darkening sky.
The ferryman beaches his boat. It has grown too late to sail.
And people on their way from Cheng cannot go home,
And people from Loyang sigh with disappointment.
...I have heard about the many friends around your wood land dwelling.
Yesterday you were dismissed. Are they your friends today?来自www.lookup.tw